Introduction Phosphorus is an essential element for all carbon-based lifeforms on earth and is mostly present in the form of phosphates in the earth crust (Holleman et al. 1985). Phosphates are serving different functions in living organisms: They act as a backbone in the structure of DNA and RNA, they are necessary for the formation…
1. Genealogy (Short historical overview of conflict) Emmanuel Macron’s recent announcement that France will end opération Barkhane, an eight-years anti-terror military operation in the Sahel, sparked a vivid debate in France. Was that mission taking the right angle to apprehend the security dilemma in Mali? Soon after, Macron announced that an international cooperation mission would…
In today’s Libya, a key resource such as water is exposed to mounting risks due to the ongoing conflict. Like other countries in the Middle East and North Africa – a region which hosts twelve of the world’s most water scarce countries –, Libya suffers from water related challenges, which are only expected to increase…